罗曼蒂克消亡史
Practitioners’ Insights: How did a decade of dedicated effort build China a self-reliant ‘digital track’?_我的网站
A | Editor's Note:
Ahead of the opening of the 2026 World AI Conference and High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance, Chinese AI start-up Moonshot AI released its Kimi K3 large language model. As the world's largest open-source model by parameter count to date, this launch marks a significant step forward in the development of China's artificial intelligence models.
From the C919 airliner soaring into the skies to Unitree's humanoid robots stealing the show; from DeepSeek pushing the AI frontier to Moonshot AI's landmark unveiling of Kimi K3 - China's wave of homegrown innovations has dominated global headlines in recent years, delivering a steady stream of breakthroughs.
At a meeting in Beijing that brought together the national science and technology award conference, the general assemblies of the members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), and the 11th national congress of the China Association for Science and Technology in July, Chinese President Xi Jinping, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, stressed that the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030) is a critical phase for tackling tough challenges in building up the country's strength in science and technology.
"We must seize the historic opportunity, rise to the challenges of the times, accelerate efforts to achieve high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and make steady progress toward the 2035 goal of becoming a leading country in science and technology," he said.
In the article "Strive for Greater Strength and Self-Reliance in Science and Technology" included in the fourth volume of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, Xi pointed out, "Through years of endeavor, our country's overall strength in science and technology has improved substantially. We therefore have a solid foundation, and are fully confident in our ability to seize the opportunities offered by the new revolution in science, technology and industry to achieve greater results." The article also mentioned that "We should participate to the full in global science and technology governance, contribute Chinese wisdom, and shape a philosophy of technology for good purposes, so that science and technology better serve human wellbeing, and enable China's science and technology industry to contribute more to building a global community of shared future."
In the 27th installment of the special series "Decoding the Book Xi Jinping: The Governance of China," the Global Times, along with the People's Daily Overseas Edition, continues to invite Chinese and foreign scholars, translators of Xi's works, practitioners with firsthand experience, and international readers to focus on the theme of striving for greater strength and self-reliance in science and technology. Together, they share views on China's tech growth, governance principles, and global cooperation in science and technology.
This is the 25th installment of "Practitioners' Insights." We turn our focus to a "digital track" laid for China's industrial internet: the Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System. A decade ago, when a research team at the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT) took on the task, the prevailing view in the industry was that it was "almost impossible." At that time, China had neither a strong voice in international standard-setting nor a deep technological foundation, yet it set out to build a self-reliant and controllable digital identity infrastructure spanning the entire industrial chain.
Today, the system's core indicators rank among the world's best, and its application scale is the largest globally. From dependence to autonomy, from "follower" to "pacesetter," the leap was made possible by the unwavering footsteps of Chinese researchers on the path toward high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening.
At daybreak, in an electric-vehicle factory, the assembly line was operating at full capacity. Each freshly produced power battery was assigned a special "ID" code. That code would stay with the battery as it entered storage, was loaded onto vehicles and hit the road, accompanying it through its entire lifecycle.
From the laboratory to the factory, this invisible data flow connects every stage of production, circulation, use and recycling across industries. And the underlying infrastructure making all of this possible is the "Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System," which Liu and his colleagues helped build.
In simple terms, the system is like a "digital ID card plus navigation system" for the industrial world. In the real world, everyone has an identity card and every address has a street number; on the internet, every website has a domain name. Likewise, in the era of the industrial internet, every device, component, product and piece of data needs a unique, trustworthy and resolvable digital identity.
The Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System is China's national-level digital infrastructure that supports the generation, query, circulation and management of those digital identities. Built and operated over nearly a decade under the leadership of CAICT, the system has become a fully self-reliant and controllable "digital track" serving China's industrial internet.
In the article "Build China into a Sci-Tech Powerhouse" included in Volume IV of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, Chinese President Xi Jinping emphasized "increasing our country's strength and self-reliance in science and technology, and keeping us well-positioned in vital areas of science, technology and development."
Looking back on the decade-long campaign, Gao Qi, deputy chief engineer at CAICT's Industrial Internet and Internet of Things Research Institute, feels this especially deeply.
"As a critical piece of digital infrastructure, the Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System is a vivid embodiment of this important principle in the field of industrial digitalization," Gao told the Global Times. What this system carries is precisely the historic mission of safeguarding the lifeline of China's digital industry, and achieving industrial self-reliance and controllability, he said.
Pioneering in uncharted territory
Fast-forward to 2015.
By then, Liu had only recently joined the CAICT. Before that, his work had focused mainly on developing software for internet domain-name resolution, so he already had a basic understanding of the underlying logic of "resolution." But when he was assigned to take part in planning and building China's Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System, he knew immediately that this was something entirely different.
At the outset of the project, the most pressing challenge was a classic "chokepoint" problem. China gained full access to the global internet in 1994, which essentially meant the comprehensive adoption of technical protocols, industrial ecosystems and governance rules developed elsewhere. Building a Chinese-owned, independent and controllable identifier resolution system was not a matter of filling in a single missing technology. It meant creating an entire system from scratch. At the time, many in the industry believed the challenge was enormous, and some even said it was "practically impossible."
Why? Gao, one of the key strategic drivers behind the system, recalled that the challenge came on three levels.
First, China then lacked a voice in international standards and had little deep technical accumulation of its own, yet it was expected to build a system capable of covering the entire industrial chain and interoperating with dozens of heterogeneous systems. The technical difficulty was immense.
Second, in a landscape long reliant on foreign technologies, persuading tens of thousands of enterprises to adopt domestic identifiers was an enormous challenge in terms of industrial deployment and promotion. Many people dismissed the idea as sheer fantasy.
Third, with no clear expectation of return on investment, who would take responsibility for pushing the project forward and explore a sustainable operating model?
Gao said that from the project feasibility study stage, the team was thinking simultaneously about the technical roadmap, the system architecture and the industrial ecosystem as a closed loop. "We had to break through core technologies, but we also had to design a mechanism that would ensure companies would be willing to connect to the system and able to benefit from it," he recalled.
On the front line, Liu felt the pressure in a direct and concrete way. Time was tight, the mission was heavy and there was no ready-made experience to copy. Everything had to be researched and designed at the same time, developed and verified in parallel.
"There was also the pressure on the team," Liu told the Global Times. With the team under intense pressure, uncertainty in direction or repeated setbacks could easily cause anxiety among engineers. As both the leader of a development group and the person responsible for core module development, Liu had to solve technical problems while also keeping the team's pace steady.
The work was tense, but Liu felt calm and confident. "The project had already been thoroughly validated by experts and academicians in China, so the direction was clear. What we, as R&D personnel, needed to do was find a way to bring the design goals to life in the system," he said.
It was precisely this belief - the direction is clear, just keep moving forward - that sustained the team as it navigated uncharted territory step by step.
The road from zero to one is never smooth. Liu recalled a particularly tough test the team faced on the eve of deployment, just before the system was to go live. That day, testers suddenly reported a performance bottleneck. It was not a single-point failure; it was the kind of problem that rippled through the entire system, bringing many functions to a standstill. From morning until late at night, then from the early hours until daybreak, Liu and his teammates combed through the code line by line and tested again and again.
"As the launch drew near, it felt like the pressure had automatically spread to everyone," said Liu. "Everyone was staring intently at the system, and no one felt sleepy."
Finally, the problem was precisely identified and fixed. When the testers said the system had "passed," there were no cheers or high-fives. They simply exchanged glances and smiled. "That smile wasn't one of relief. It was the kind of smile that comes after winning a hard-fought battle," Liu told the Global Times. "I was really happy at that moment. Not just because the problem was solved and the system could go live, but because I confirmed something even more important: our team had cohesion. When it mattered most, we didn't fall apart. We could take on the toughest fights."
After countless days and nights, this group of Chinese engineers laid down a solid foundation for China's high-quality industrial development with technology and conviction. The "digital track" was finally in place.
Serve the industrial chain
In the "Build China into a Sci-Tech Powerhouse" included in Volume IV of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, Xi noted that, "we should make solid efforts to promote the deep integration of sci-tech innovation and industrial innovation, and boost new quality productive forces."
On July 8, at a meeting that brought together the national science and technology award conference, the general assemblies of the members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the 11th national congress of the China Association for Science and Technology, Xi further emphasized the need to promote the deep integration of sci-tech innovation with industrial innovation, opening up channels for accelerating the transformation of sci-tech achievements into real productive forces.
The value of technological innovation must ultimately be reflected in industry. From the very beginning, the Industrial Internet Identification and Resolution System was never designed to "publish papers." It was designed to address longstanding pain points in the development of the real economy.
According to Gao, enterprises have long faced three common challenges in the process of digital and intelligent transformation: data could not be found because different systems lacked a unified identity; data could not be connected because cross-company mutual recognition was absent; and data could not be put to good use because intelligent decision-making could not be formed. The Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System was built precisely to tackle these three issues and provide foundational capabilities.
But for a new technology to truly integrate into industry, writing code in front of a computer is not enough. Over the past decade, Gao has led his team on repeated visits to key industries, pushing the system from "technically feasible" to "commercially usable." Liu and his colleagues have also visited many factory workshops and spoken face-to-face with business owners.
"Back in the office, what we saw were system metrics, interfaces, logs and data," Liu said. "But once we were on site, we saw individual parts, production lines and real business processes. It felt completely different."
During field research at enterprises, Liu and his coworkers witnessed firsthand how the system they had helped develop was enabling data connectivity across systems on production lines. They also learned that, in areas such as quality traceability, product management and supply-chain coordination, the system was helping companies reduce management costs and defect rates.
"At that moment, I felt that the identifiers were no longer just something on paper or on a platform - they were really being put to use. And once they start being used, they can go deeper and spread further," Liu recalled. As an R&D engineer, Liu said he felt proud to see companies using the system he had helped develop on the ground. "The late nights and the pressure we went through were all worth it."
Stories like this are countless in the system's rollout. In the new-energy vehicle sector, for example, unified identifiers give each battery pack a unique identity, allowing it to be "recognizable at all times and traceable throughout the chain." In high-end equipment manufacturing, data generated during the operation of large machinery is uploaded in real time through the system and analyzed to predict failure risks, enabling maintenance to be arranged in advance. In the pharmaceutical industry, identifiers make it possible to trace medicines through the entire process: from factory to pharmacy, every box can be verified.
Gao said that he is pleased to see more and more companies have shifted from "I have to use it" to "I want to use it." He told the Global Times the system not only helps enterprises cut costs and improve efficiency in practice, but more importantly, "some scenarios that used to rely on foreign identifier systems are now being gradually replaced by our independently controllable system."
From 'follower' to 'pacesetter'
A decade of dedicated work has yielded a remarkable harvest for China's Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System.
The system now comprises 407 second-level nodes and more than 600,000 connected enterprises; the number of registered identities has surpassed 700 billion, with core indicators ranking among the world's best. The system has been deeply deployed across more than 40 industries, including automotive, electronics, pharmaceuticals and equipment manufacturing, and now covers every province on the Chinese mainland. Viewed globally, it has become one of the largest industrial internet identifier practices in terms of scale, the broadest in application and the most mature in industrial ecosystem.
Looking back on the past decade, Gao summed up the system's journey from "almost impossible" to global leadership as four key leaps.
The first was a strategic breakthrough, when the state explicitly incorporated the identity resolution system into its national strategy and completed the top-level design. The second was a technological breakthrough, marked by the independently designed national top-node architecture and advances in core protocols. The third was large-scale rollout, achieved through the innovative three-tier structure of national top nodes, second-level nodes and enterprise nodes. The fourth was value realization, as identities evolved from simply "enabling connectivity" to "creating value," with deep integration into blockchain, AI and other emerging technologies.
Each leap was driven not by chance, but by the coordinated advancement of technology, industry and ecosystem development. "We did not just build a system. We explored a China-specific path characterized by national strategic guidance, breakthroughs led by research institutions, industry leadership from enterprises and ecosystem co-construction across the industrial chain," Gao told the Global Times.
In Gao's view, the most essential "code" behind the building of this system is a steadfast commitment to greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology. "We did not simply copy foreign technologies. Instead, we focused on national strategic needs and pursued independent innovation, advancing basic research, key technological breakthroughs and industrial applications in parallel."
On July 8, at the meeting bringing together the national science and technology award conference, the general assemblies of the members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the 11th national congress of the China Association for Science and Technology, Xi underscored that, "We must seize the historic opportunity, rise to the challenges of the times, accelerate efforts to achieve high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and make steady progress toward the 2035 goal of becoming a leading country in science and technology."
In the field of the Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System, China has, over the course of 10 years, transformed itself from a passive "follower" in global internet rules into a "pacesetter," completing the full journey from following, to running alongside, to leading in some areas.
Gao said the greatest significance of building this system lies not only in creating an independent infrastructure, but in forging a development path with Chinese characteristics. "Having our own identifier system means China can participate more proactively in global digital governance and contribute Chinese wisdom in new areas such as trusted identity, trusted data and intelligent interconnectivity, while providing a more solid technological foundation for building a community with a shared future in cyberspace."
On another ordinary evening at work, Liu's desk lamp was still on. He was fine-tuning a new data exchange protocol, while test results flickered continuously across his screen. Nights like this have long become routine for him.
Outside the window, the lights of the city were coming on one by one. Behind him, countless streams of data were flowing, being parsed and transmitted through the system - traces left by products across the global industrial chain, and the digital imprint of China's manufacturing sector as it moves toward high-quality development.
"I work on identity (system) for a day; I'll work on it for a lifetime." That is a phrase Liu often repeats. He says the road from "zero" to "one" has already been carved out; what matters now is to set out once again from "one." Beyond that road lies an even faster digital frontier.
。 8月10日至13日，亚足联与中国足协联合考察组一行来到杭州，对2027年亚足联U20亚洲杯杭州赛区展开了一场为期4天的“全方位”实地考察。从4座亚运规格标准的体育场，到分布多处的10个训练场，再到12家接待酒店，杭州正在以亚运之城的底蕴，静待这项洲际足球大赛的到来。
B | 在4天时间里，考察组逐一考察拟作为本次赛事比赛场地的4座体育场——黄龙体育中心体育场、上城体育中心体育场、萧山体育中心体育场、临平体育中心体育场，这些承办过杭州亚运会足球赛事，以及中超、足协杯、女超等足球赛事的体育场，共同承担本次U20亚洲杯的31场赛事。同时，杭州师范大学体育场、陈经纶体校体育场、拱墅体育中心体育场以及杭州奥体中心体育场外场等10片训练场地也接受了考察组的全方位考察。草坪的每一寸草皮、功能用房的每一处动线、灯光照明的照度均匀度、转播机位的架设角度……考察组与杭州方面现场“会诊”，并就场地改造提升方案进行了交流。赛事不仅是竞技，更是城市的待客之道。在赛区拟作为接待使用的12家官方酒店，考察组进行了“沉浸式”体验。
C | 客房数量是否充裕、床品舒适度如何、餐饮能否兼顾多国口味、会议室能否满足战术复盘需要、健身房器械是否齐全，甚至周边交通的便捷性——每一个关乎参赛球员体验的细节，都被酒店方面考虑在内，希望在明年让每一位远道而来的球员感受到家的温度。在13日举行的考察总结会议上，考察组对杭州赛区的硬件环境、训练保障和接待能力给予整体肯定，同时就部分场地改造、功能房优化、训练场配套等提出指导意见。自去年12月10日中国足协官宣杭州承办U20亚洲杯以来，杭州赛区一直在积极推进各项筹办工作，目前距离2027年3月的开幕时间还有半年，杭州赛区将根据考察组的反馈意见进一步完善细节。时隔两年，2027年U20亚洲杯来到杭州，这也是杭州继举办第19届亚运会之后，再度扛起承办国际大型体育赛事的重任。硬件设施齐全的优质亚运场馆、久经打磨的大型赛事服务经验，将成为杭州交出优质办赛答卷的坚实底气。延伸阅读关于U20亚洲杯和U20世界杯的关系作为亚洲足坛青年级别重点赛事之一，U20亚洲杯是亚洲青年球员圆梦的舞台，关系到球队能否直通U20世界杯。上一届赛事（2025年）在深圳举行，以王钰栋、蒯纪闻等领衔的中国U20男足给球迷带来诸多惊喜。虽然球队在四分之一决赛中惜败沙特无缘世青赛，但王钰栋等一众年轻小将敢拼敢抢的姿态、精彩流畅的配合，给全世界球迷留下深刻印象。依照惯例，本届U20亚洲杯的前四名球队将获得参加U20世界杯（乌兹别克斯坦和阿塞拜疆联合举办）的资格。
D | 如果作为2027年U20世界杯东道主之一的乌兹别克斯坦进入前四名，则赛事四分之一决赛的四个负者将进行争夺第五名的附加赛，最后的胜者获得U20世界杯参赛资格。
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